Rohandi Yusuf

1. Provide in your own words with one example in each case the definition of the following words in an educational context: a. Traditional Media Traditional media is an old media that was used several years ago. This medium has been used in the marketing / advertising world for years. Not only that, traditional media have also been used in education. Included in traditional media include television advertisements, newspapers, radio and magazines. In the world of education, this form of communication is a constant tool used by all people in the educational environment to reach their targets. For example, in a school, teachers use traditional media in the form of newspapers to make announcements to their students, because at that time there were no mobile phones. b. Modern Media Modern media is the future of advertising. It means media that are better than old media. One example of modern media is social media advertising. As we know, nowadays, as time goes by, the media continues to grow rapidly. This can also be seen in the world of education. For example, a teacher who used to make announcements to students through newspapers, has now switched to social media advertising, which is far more effective than newspapers, especially in the era of revolution 4.0 c. Educational Media Educational media are the tools used in education. The media is primarily intended to produce optimal media combinations so that they can support students in achieving their achievements. Halverdon (1992) also said that educational media as things are used in the classroom to aid teaching and training. In an education, of course the media plays a very important role. For example, infocus. when students or teachers want to make presentations, then infocus media is really needed to make presentations more effective and the teaching and learning process becomes more interesting, students more easily understand the material so that their performance increases. d. Hardware Hardware is a physical part of computer system or electronic device. Hardware, we can touch and feel. Hardware is only one part of a computer system. Hardware can be often categorized in to input, output, and storage or processing components. e.g.: to facilitate teacher: projectors, flashdisk, printer, etc. e. Technology Technology is the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, also as a problem solving in educational activities. e.g.: equipment in school: gadgets, applications, videos, pictures, short movie, programmed, animation, televisions computer, etc. f. Software Programs that used to operate computers and related devices, also instructing devices to do specific tasks. e.g.: in education al context: Microsoft word, Microsoft power point, Google apps, school management software, etc. g. Interactive Media According to England and Finney (2002/2011) define “It is the integration of digital media including combinations of electronic text, graphics, moving images, and sound, into a structured digital computerized environment that allows people to interact with the data for appropriate purposes. So, its mean student do not have to be a passive users but, actively implement and use internet media in learning process. Example Reading eggs, British Counsil. It’s like a web for interactive media. h. Educational Technology According to Richmand 1970—“Educational Technology is concerned to provide appropriately designing learning situations, holding in view the objectives of the teaching or training, bring or bear the best means of instruction.” So Educational Technology (Edtech) is a concept of transforming the traditional book teaching and learning to digital form. Edtech can open doors to incorporate conventional classroom methods with advanced digital course studies. Example like interactive white board, it’s like learning media using technology so that interesting. i. Educational Media According to Arsyad (2009:4) is a media that bring instructional purpose of massages or information of learning. So, educational media is a tool as an intermediary for understanding the meaning of the material delivered by educators or teachers in the form of print or electronic media. So, learning media is a tool as an intermediary for understanding the meaning of material delivered by teacher in the form of print or electronic media. Example like neswpaper, magazine, tablet, ppt etc. j. Educational Media and Technology Rowtree (1990) says, EMT is the development (process involving learners from start to evaluation) and evaluation (how much has the learners achieved given applied media and technology) of system of techniques (technology) and aids (media) so as to improve the teaching-learning in conveying the content (message) to learners. Coffey (1977) defines the concept as a systematic way of designing, implementing and evaluating the total teaching-learning process by employing a combination of human and scientific equipment to bring about affective instruction. Example: - Film, strips - All books and their illustration - Projectors of All Kinds - Writing boars and broad materials - Etc. 2. Differentiate the following concepts in relation to EMT, where possible give an example in each case: a. Multimedia presentation from Multi-Image Presentation 1) Multimedia Presentation The media arranged in singles to show material being taught in the session or can be in a combination of various media emanating from a single presentation source (think of a computer with multimedia facilities). The multimedia could be traditional or modern as well. 2) Multi-Image Presentation These are two or more pictures that are projected or presented simultaneously on one or more screen for group viewing or teaching a single lesson e.g. the projection of images using the sound film projector and slide film projector or an OHP and the opaque projector. Most images/pictures are projected from slides or OHP film series. b. Informational Media from Instructional Media 1) Informational Media This media aimed at giving information without an opportunity of interaction. Eg. TV, Magazine, book. Etc. 2) Instructional Media These are kind of media intended to change a learner’s behavior in a classroom setting and the learners can interact with them e.g. photos, models, projectors and regalia. c. Traditional Media from Modern Media 1) Traditional Media These are ancient and locally produced media used by our grandparents in communication. e,g drums, songs, pictures signs, models, radios, writing boards, books, work cards, maps, globes and atlases. Refers to the simple, cheap and easy media to operate. E.g. books, handouts, fliers, objects and specimen 2) Modern Media These are local or imported media that appear to be new in the society in their development and use less than 25yrs in schools in Tanzania (Henry 1985). Examples include; electronic equipment such as computers, television, digital radios, video tapes, receivers, flexible OHPs, websites, internets, digital cameras, etc. Any effective communication today combines pictorial images (visual image) and language same way it did in the past but in a more sophisticated technological way. d. Technology in Education from Technology of Education 1) Technology in Education The concept refers to the availability of materials (gadgets) or audio-visual equipment in schools e.g. audio cassettes, models, radio etc. Such gadgets are increasingly integrated into the classroom teaching-learning process. 2) Technology of Education This refers to the methodology (pedagogy) of teaching in classroom setting. This involves also the designing and evaluation of systems of teaching – learning or the psychology of learning and communication theories that involve: Identification of objectives and content; Designing appropriate learning experiences. 3. What is education media and how does it involve educational technology Educational media is a learning device. Where educational media can be anything, such as multimedia, materials, and technology that are currently developing. That is why media education is closely related and involves to educational technology. 4. Describe how some scholars become convinced of the decision of using the concept of educational media and technology. According to Chaidar Husain, one of the teachers in Indonesia, stated that the importance of an Internet where the internet is used in the learning process will be more efficient and effective, especially in developments now can be further improved. So, he tells the role of Educational media and technology are interrelated with one another. 5. Discuss the five principle functions of educational technology so as to improve the overall efficiency of teaching-learning process in classrooms There are five functions of educational technology such as: 1) As a means of scientific and objective teaching materials. 2) As a means of motivating learners who have low enthusiasm for learning. 3) As a means to help students present what they know 4) As a means to improve the effectiveness of learning. 5) As a means to facilitate the delivery of material 6. Select a topic of your subject area, prepare a prototype multimedia presentation using more than two media materials to deliver the lesson. The content must be the same on each of the media you choose. 7. Describe the development in EMT from the earliest times up to the present. Get more examples concerning EMT? The development of EMT can be followed in many previous years, but it is unpredictable about what exact time. EMT has experienced progressive changes since the 14th century. In the early 17th century manuscripts on technology have also been discovered. It has also been marked by the introduction of textbooks as well. The other period is between the first 20 years of that period, technology in teaching and learning has been held followed by the development of printing arts. In the past 35 years, curriculum and teaching hardware was introduced. The existence of slide / film projectors, computers and radios present in the learning and teaching process. Between 1955 and 1990 software was developed. The year 1971 can be said as the initial milestone in the use of computerized technology for the education sector. That year, a game program called The Oregon Trail appeared, created by Don Rawitsch, Bill Heinemann, and Paul Dillenberger. The era of the 1990s became the point of development of edutech at a more established step. Because digital technology advances more rapidly. That makes many teachers increasingly feel the benefits of using technology during the teaching and learning process. All these developments led to the development of new edutech products which experienced rapid development in the 2000s. Until now, education today uses technology to a more sophisticated level with many inventions such as laptops, computers, web cameras and so on which are ICT based EMTs. The example is the using of projector, infocus, video animation, film and so on. 8. Multimedia is most recommended for any effective teaching, how do you define multimedia and what merits do you have in the teaching – learning process involving such media? Multimedia refers to communication of more than one media type such as that involving text, audio, graphics, animated graphics and full-motion video. Teaching by using animation and video/film. We can make animation as unique as we can hoping that the students will not get bored during the learning process. Besides, teacher must be creative to create such as interesting way while teaching in the class.